- Objective: - Breadcrumb: 《马斯克传》46-50 为什么2018年的Fremont工厂被称为地狱？ 4月初，在产值只有2000辆时，马斯克承诺到6月底时，特斯拉将实现每周生产5000辆，这一从物理定律来看都不能完成的事。马斯克在汽车装配线的每一个细节上进行效率提升。由于过度自动化带来的低效工作，马斯克需要拆卸不需要的大型自动化设备，让人类来做。在临近承诺时间时，特斯拉团队又在停车场上搭建帐篷，建立了一条临时组装线。 解释下马斯克的五步工作法？ 1. 质疑每一项要求，以确保这些要求都有来自第一性原理的根据，而不是某个个人或某个部门的权威。 Question every requirement. Each should come with the name of the person who made it. You should never accept that a requirement came from a department, such as from “the legal department” or “the safety department.” You need to know the name of the real person who made that requirement. Then you should question it, no matter how smart that person is. Requirements from smart people are the most dangerous, because people are less likely to question them. Always do so, even if the requirement came from me. Then make the requirements less dumb.
1.质疑每一项要求。每项要求都应附有提出者的姓名。你绝不能接受某项要求来自某个部门，如 "法律部门 "或 "安全部 门"。你需要知道真正提出要求的人的姓名。然后，无论这个人有多聪明，你都应该提出质疑。来自聪明人的要求是最危险的，因为人们不太可能提出质疑。一定要这样做，即使要求来自于我。然后让要求不那么愚蠢。 2. 简化、删除工作中的过程，抓住重要的事，删除冗余，提高效率。先删除，有必要的细节再在以后加回来。 Delete any part or process you can. You may have to add them back later. In fact, if you do not end up adding back at least 10% of them, then you didn’t delete enough.
2.删除任何你能删除的部分或过程。你以后可能还得把它们加回来。事实上，如果你最终没有添加回至少 10%，那么你删得还不够。 3. 简化和优化整个流程，但一定要在删除冗余之后，因为简化和优化一个不需要的流程是没用的。 Simplify and optimize. This should come after step two. A common mistake is to simplify and optimize a part or a process that should not exist.
3.简化和优化。这应该在第二步之后进行。一个常见的错误是简化和优化一个不应该存在的部分或流程。 4. 加速。在每个之前留下的有必要的环境上加速。 Accelerate cycle time. Every process can be speeded up. But only do this after you have followed the first three steps. In the Tesla factory, I mistakenly spent a lot of time accelerating processes that I later realized should have been deleted.
4.加快生产周期。每个流程都可以加速。但只有在完成前三个步骤后才能这样做。在特斯拉工厂，我错误地花了大量时间加速流程，后来才意识到应该删除这些流程。 5. 自动化，让每个环节都能自行运转起来。 Automate. That comes last. The big mistake in Nevada and at Fremont was that I began by trying to automate every step. We should have waited until all the requirements had been questioned, parts and processes deleted, and the bugs were shaken out.
5.自动化。这是最后一步。在内华达州和弗里蒙特犯下的大错是，我一开始就试图将每个步骤自动化。我们本应等到所有的要求都被提出质疑、部件和流程被删除、错误被清除之后再做决定。 什么是开环状态，开环警告？为什么开环不好，闭环重要。 开环状态是指没有迭代反馈，并且不关心结果。